frames编辑历史

# Frame (knowledge representation)

## 1 Definition and historical background

A **frame** is a structured data construct used in knowledge representation to organize information about stereotypical situations, objects, or concepts. It provides a template of attributes (slots) that can be filled with specific values (fillers), often including default assumptions. The term was introduced by Marvin Minsky in the mid‑1970s as part of a cognitive model for understanding and reasoning. Frames enable expectations to guide perception and inference, supporting inheritance and default reasoning. They became a central paradigm in early artificial intelligence (AI), especially in expert systems and natural language understanding.

### 1.1 Predecessors and related concepts

Before frames, knowledge representation relied on semantic networks (e.g., Quillian’s work in the 1960s) and logical formalisms such as predicate calculus. Semantic networks used nodes and arcs to represent concepts and relationships, but lacked structured templates for stereotypical situations. Frames borrowed the idea of slots and fillers from earlier work in psychology (e.g., schema theory) and from the notion of "default reasoning" in logic. The concept of "scripts", later developed by Roger Schank, extended frames to temporal sequences.

### 1.2 Minsky's 1975 paper "A Framework for Representing Knowledge"

Minsky's seminal paper, published in *The Psychology of Computer Vision* (1975), proposed frames as a way to capture common‑sense knowledge. He argued that understanding a scene (such as a room) involves activating a frame that contains default assumptions (e.g., a room has walls, floor, ceiling, and possibly furniture). The frame provides slots for expected objects; mismatches trigger attention or revision. The paper emphasized the role of “demons” – procedural attachments that monitor slot changes – and introduced the idea of frame hierarchies with inheritance.

### 1.3 Influence on co