Personalized learning编辑历史

# Personalized Learning

Personalized learning is an educational approach that tailors instruction, pace, and content to meet the individual needs, learning styles, and interests of each student. Unlike traditional one-size-fits-all methods, it emphasizes student agency, flexible learning environments, and data-driven adjustments. Personalized learning integrates elements of differentiated instruction, competency-based progression, and adaptive technology to empower learners to take ownership of their education.

## 1 Foundations of Personalized Learning

### 1.1 Definition and Core Principles

Personalized learning is defined as a systematic educational method in which the learning objectives, instructional strategies, and assessment methods are customized for each learner. Its core principles include student agency—the capacity of learners to make choices about their own learning; flexible pacing, which allows students to progress at a speed aligned with their comprehension; and data-informed decisions, where ongoing evidence of student performance guides instructional adjustments. It contrasts with standardized, lockstep curricula by recognizing that learners differ in prior knowledge, interests, and cognitive styles.

### 1.2 Historical Development

Personalized learning has roots in several educational reform movements spanning the late 19th and 20th centuries.

#### 1.2.1 Early Influences from Progressive Education

The progressive education movement, led by thinkers such as John Dewey, emphasized learning through experience, student interests, and democratic participation. Dewey’s advocacy for child-centered education laid the groundwork for later personalization efforts. In the early 1900s, the Dalton Plan and the Winnetka Plan introduced individualized instruction schedules and self-paced work units, allowing students to progress through subjects at their own rate.

#### 1.2.2 Contributions of Individualized Instruction Models

During the mid-20th centu