EU AI Act编辑历史

## 1 Overview and Objectives

The EU AI Act (Regulation (EU) 2024/1689) is a comprehensive legal framework adopted by the European Union in 2024 to govern the development, deployment, and use of artificial intelligence systems. Its primary objective is to ensure that AI systems placed on the Union market and used in the EU are safe, respect fundamental rights and EU values, while fostering innovation and economic growth. The Act establishes a single set of rules across all member states, replacing fragmented national regulations.

### 1.1 Background and Legislative History

The proposal for an AI Act was first introduced by the European Commission in April 2021, following years of policy discussions and a 2019 White Paper on AI. The legislative process involved extensive negotiations between the European Parliament and the Council of the EU, culminating in a political agreement in December 2023 and final adoption in May 2024. The Act entered into force on 1 August 2024. Its development was partly driven by the rapid advancement of AI technologies, including generative AI models, and the need for a harmonised legal framework alongside existing digital regulations.

### 1.2 Purpose and Scope

The Act aims to establish a predictable, proportionate, and risk‑based regulatory environment for AI. It applies to providers placing AI systems on the market or putting them into service in the EU, irrespective of whether they are established inside or outside the Union, as well as to deployers of AI systems located in the EU. Certain activities, such as AI systems used exclusively for national security or military purposes, and research and development, are partially or fully exempt from the scope.

### 1.3 Relationship with Existing EU Law (GDPR, Product Liability)

The AI Act operates alongside existing EU legislation, notably the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR), the Product Liability Directive, and sector‑specific laws (e.g., medical devices, automotive). Where